respectively, with PBS prior to mixing 1:1 with PBSTM. As such, the concentration of ricin in the eye make up, shampoo, and body lotion samples prior to dilution were 10 ng/mL, 100 ng/mL, and 200 ng/mL respectively. The additional dilution with PBS prevented the wetting and flow problems typically observed when analyzing viscous samples with LFDs. Further dilution of the shampoo samples,1:19 with PBS, improved the performance of the LFDs but was not required for analysis