Additionally, profit functions are estimated similarly as cost functions in equation (1) except
that total costs are replaced with total profit on the left-hand side of the equation. In this study,
alternative profit function (Pulley and Humphrey, 1993; Berger et al. 1996) is used in contrast to
standard profit function, which assumes the perfect competition in the input and output markets.
Alternative profit function is more likely to be employed because of accounting for substantial
unmeasured differences in the quality/specialization among the individual banks in the sample and
also diverse group of countries with different levels of competition (Berger and Mester, 1997). For the
profit function, total profit is specified as the net profit before tax. Besides, in measuring the efficiency
under the profit function, the composite error term is considered as i i i v u .
Bank stock performance is represented by cumulative annual stock returns (CASR), calculated
on the basis of monthly returns5 using the following equation:
Additionally, profit functions are estimated similarly as cost functions in equation (1) exceptthat total costs are replaced with total profit on the left-hand side of the equation. In this study,alternative profit function (Pulley and Humphrey, 1993; Berger et al. 1996) is used in contrast tostandard profit function, which assumes the perfect competition in the input and output markets.Alternative profit function is more likely to be employed because of accounting for substantialunmeasured differences in the quality/specialization among the individual banks in the sample andalso diverse group of countries with different levels of competition (Berger and Mester, 1997). For theprofit function, total profit is specified as the net profit before tax. Besides, in measuring the efficiencyunder the profit function, the composite error term is considered as i i i v u .Bank stock performance is represented by cumulative annual stock returns (CASR), calculatedon the basis of monthly returns5 using the following equation:
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