In the present study, we quantitatively examined, in a meta-analysis,
these four theoretical hypotheses as well as some methodological factors
that may influence the extent to which enhancements in aerobic
fitness result in improvements in cognition (Rosenthal, 1998). Metaanalysis
is a particularly appropriate technique for this purpose because it
enables one to summarize the relationship between two variables
across different studies—in the present case, the effect of fitness interventions
on cognition. However, in addition to yielding an overall effect
size, as well as effect sizes for each study, the meta-analytic procedure
enables one to determine whether one or more moderator variables
(e.g., theoretical distinctions or methodological factors) influenced the
outcome of the studies
In the present study, we quantitatively examined, in a meta-analysis,
these four theoretical hypotheses as well as some methodological factors
that may influence the extent to which enhancements in aerobic
fitness result in improvements in cognition (Rosenthal, 1998). Metaanalysis
is a particularly appropriate technique for this purpose because it
enables one to summarize the relationship between two variables
across different studies—in the present case, the effect of fitness interventions
on cognition. However, in addition to yielding an overall effect
size, as well as effect sizes for each study, the meta-analytic procedure
enables one to determine whether one or more moderator variables
(e.g., theoretical distinctions or methodological factors) influenced the
outcome of the studies
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