In this study we analyze the energy and carbon balances of various cascade chains for recovered
wood lumber. Post-recovery options include reuse as lumber, reprocessing as particleboard, pulping
to form paper products, and burning for energy recovery.We compare energy and carbon balances of
chains of cascaded products to the balances of products obtained from virgin wood fiber or from nonwood
material.We describe and quantify several mechanisms through which cascading can affect the
energy and carbon balances: direct cascade effects due to different properties and logistics of virgin
and recovered materials, substitution effects due to the reduced demand for non-wood materials when
wood is cascaded, and land use effects due to alternative possible land uses when less timber harvest
is needed because of wood cascading. In some analyses we assume the forest is a limiting resource,
and in others we include a fixed amount of forest land from which biomass can be harvested for use as
material or biofuel. Energy and carbon balances take into account manufacturing processes, recovery
and transportation energy, material recovery losses, and forest processes.We find that land use effects
have the greatest impact on energy and carbon balances, followed by substitution effects, while direct
cascade effects are relatively minor.
In this study we analyze the energy and carbon balances of various cascade chains for recoveredwood lumber. Post-recovery options include reuse as lumber, reprocessing as particleboard, pulpingto form paper products, and burning for energy recovery.We compare energy and carbon balances ofchains of cascaded products to the balances of products obtained from virgin wood fiber or from nonwoodmaterial.We describe and quantify several mechanisms through which cascading can affect theenergy and carbon balances: direct cascade effects due to different properties and logistics of virginand recovered materials, substitution effects due to the reduced demand for non-wood materials whenwood is cascaded, and land use effects due to alternative possible land uses when less timber harvestis needed because of wood cascading. In some analyses we assume the forest is a limiting resource,and in others we include a fixed amount of forest land from which biomass can be harvested for use asmaterial or biofuel. Energy and carbon balances take into account manufacturing processes, recoveryand transportation energy, material recovery losses, and forest processes.We find that land use effectshave the greatest impact on energy and carbon balances, followed by substitution effects, while directcascade effects are relatively minor.
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