In this study, we report the construction of CoA-dependent 1-butanol synthetic pathway functions under aerobic conditions in E. coli by expanding the (R)-1,3-butanediol synthetic pathway previously reported to be functional under aerobic conditions. Metabolically engineered E. coli were shown to produce 8.60 g L−1 1-butanol, corresponding to a yield and productivity of 0.130 g (g glucose)−1 and 0.187 g L−1 h−1, respectively, in fed-batch cultivation under aerobic conditions. Further studies are underway to (i) transfer the constructed 1-butanol synthetic pathway into 1-butanol-tolerant aerobes to develop a high-titer 1-butanol production process and (ii) optimize the metabolism of the host strain for improving 1-butanol production in this system.