The water-table fluctuation (WTF) method provides an estimate of groundwater recharge by analysis of water-level fluctuations in observation wells. The method is based on the assumption that a rise in water-table elevation measured in shallow wells is caused by the addition of recharge across the water table.
Figure 1. Determination of water-level rise.
Determination of water-level rise.
Recharge by the WTF method is estimated as: