Phylogenetic analysis
Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that there were 2 major mitochondrial COI clades (mtCOI clade) with low bootstrap value for ML and probability for BI (Figure 2a). The mtCOI clade 1 consisted of the samples from Chainat, Saraburi, Chaiyaphum1, Nakhon Ratchasima1, Kanchanaburi2, Mukdahan2, and Chanthaburi, while all other samples were in the mtCOI clade 2. A single nuclear ITS1 clade was detected (Figure 2b). These results closely agreed with the sequence analysis results, which showed low genetic diversity indices in all samples. Bouga et al. [17] reported no variation among Marchalina hellenica (Hemiptera: Margarodidae) populations in Turkey based on mtDNA COI gene. They suggested that the low genetic diversity observed was expected because of all of the sequencing data obtained from the COI segment, using barcode primers applied for the identification of species.