INCORPORATION OF GAGNE’S INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN IN A STUDENT-CENTRED MULTIMEDIA LEARNING ENVIRONMENT
Student-Centred Environment In the conventional classroom learning approach, the teacher develops the contents, presents the concepts and lectures using conventional instruction materials such as textbook, writing board and marker, overhead projector slides and promotes the class discussion. The students sit in rows listening and perhaps taking notes. In this teacher-centred learning, it is obvious that the teacher plays the main role and is the sole authority with the "chalk and talk" techniques in transferring information and eventually forms and moves the entire learning progress (Shi, 2005). However, research has shown that many students have been unable to master the concept because of difficulties in understanding and acquiring the essential knowledge (Shi, 2005). In the new paradigm, the concept of student-centred learning has made the focus to shift from teacher to students and developed the discovery learning mode. The teacher now facilitates and provides the resource to the students, instead of being a sole presenter of information (Karagiozov, 2003). Contrasted to teacher-centred learning, student-centred instruction is the non-conventional instruction where the students worked independently or in-groups by focusing on real world applications or based on a given task. Students are expected to obtain practical experience, while the teacher can guide, monitor or gives advices and suggestions to help the students in drawing conclusions or finding solutions cooperatively and independently. In this active learning situation, students are given more choices and be trained to be able to bear the responsibility for the learning and determine their learning experience (Karagiozov, 2003).