one slice of bread 25 mm thick or two slices, each 12.5 mm thick an be used. The slices can be cut mechanically or by hand provided the end three slices are discarded and the crusts are not removed. A 38.1mm probe (TA4/1000) at a test speed of mm/s. The location of testing is the centre of the bread slice(s) voiding non-representative areas of crumb. Sample is subjected 40% deformation and compression load at 25% deformation recorded in either Newton's or g. Test a total of three samples loaf