In 2015, Paris was struck several times by Islamic terrorists. Notably the Charlie Hebdo attack in January which provoked the largest public rallies in French history, gathering 4.4 million people,[74][75] and the November attacks which resulted in 130 deaths, the deadliest attack on French soil since World War II,[76][77] and the deadliest in the European Union since the Madrid train bombings in 2004.[78]