The dual- coding hypothesis
Allan Paivio (1969, 1971, 1983) originated the dual-coding hypothesis of memory explain the workings of various mnemonics. Accordi to Paivio, long-term memory contains two distinct coding systems (or codes) for representing information to stored. One is verbal, containing information about an item's abstract, linguistic meaning. The other involves imagery: pictures of some sort that represent the item looks like. Items to remember can be coded by either verbal labels or view images and, in some cases, both. Paivio's idea is that pictures and concrete words rise to both verbal labels and visual images; that is, they have two possible internal code or mental representations. Abstract words, in contrast, typically have only one kind code or representation: a verbal label.