As a process, fermentation consists of transformation of simple raw materials into a range of value-added products by utilizing the phenomenon of growth of microorganisms and/or their activities on various substrates.3 this means that knowledge of microorganisms is essential to understand the process. Such knowledge has only existed since 1680, when Antony van Leeuwenhoek first demonstrated the use of a microscope and described the existence of microorganisms. Louis Pasteur, in the middle of the nineteenth century, contributed significantly to the understanding of the phenomenon of fermentation; he established the role of microbes in fermentation and also proved that there are many different kinds of fermentations