Concerning several insignificant relationships in the results of this study, Brown and Arendt (2010) argued that employees of large hotels (particularly chain hotels) should follow certain rules and procedures when interacting with guests. Therefore, ‘‘because the front desk staff interact with guests frequently and may be restricted in how they do so, they may lack the opportunity to take the initiative or feel less motivated in the workplace’’ (Brown and Arendt 2010, p.54). The characteristic of hospitality organization may account for certain attributes of transformational leadership (e.g., individual consideration) in the hotel context to produce a relative lack of variance in outcomes from employees’ activities. Baliga and Hunt (1988) stated that transformational leadership can have an important role