Growing sugarcane is the biggest contributor of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the sugarcane production value chain, accounting for 400 million tons of CO2 equivalent annually. The sugarcane farming phase represents around 77% of total GHG emissions of the two sugarcane productive stages (farming and processing), according to our certification database. The use of machinery, fertilisers and pesticides, and practices such as from burning cane, applying effluents to soil, irrigation, decaying leaves and land use change are the biggest contributors.