Fig. 3(F) represents LA formation as a function of increasing
reaction temperature and time. As is apparent, the LA concentration
increased with increasing reaction temperature and time.
Notably, at a high reaction temperature (140 C), a high concentration
of LA was obtained over time. This result was attributed to
5-HMF’s decrease at 140 C (Fig. 3(D)) resulting from its hydration
(Jeong and Park, 2010; Jeong et al., 2014).