These requirements align with strategic planning for organizational change (Berry, 2007). Such planning typically involves the leadership and manage- ment of an organization taking the initiative for change and, after consultation with stakeholders, assuming responsibility for implementing and evaluating the change. An advantage of using this approach is that the organizational leader essentially directs the change. Planning for organizational change is common in industry, and hence, organizational leaders often assume the role of change agents (Berry, 2007). However, Eacott (2008) argues that school leaders are ill-prepared to be change agents because the focus of their leader- ship is instructional rather than organizational. In schools, the lack of prepa- ration for, or orientation towards, organizational change can be addressed if school leaders employ community-based strategic planning, which is an alternative to strategic planning for organizational change (Berry, 2007). The process in a community-based approach is similar to the organizational ap- proach in that both proceed through steps of problem identification, team selection, environmental scanning, and development of a mission and action plan. However, in the community-based approach, community members as- sume greater ownership of the problem, namely identifying and resolving the problem (Berry, 2007):