''If it takes $25,000 to $30,000 annually to keep someone alive on an artificial kidney machine,'' John M. Newman wrote in the Annenberg Program report, ''government payment of, for example, $5,000 for transplantable cadaver kidneys (even with the cost of transportation), would still make sucessful kidney transplantation cost effective.'' Dr. Newman, a kidney transplant recipient, is a director of the American Association of Kidney Patients.