Top-dressing allows for uncomplicated, quick seeding; it is also an efficient method of applying nitrogen fertilizer if rainfall is received soon after application, which is common in the monsoon season in Tamil Nadu. Ammonium nitrate was the most reliable source for top-dressing. However, urea's average performance is still acceptable, especially with good soil contact and favourable moisture. Band stripping of dry N will minimize surface contact and may reduce volatilization potential