with the exception of videoconferencing (a form of communication over a network that uses video cameras so that the people taking part can see and hear other),there is no opportunity for paralinguistic features such as gesture.To compensate, users have developed a number of strategies which account for the linguistic features of text-based CMC including: abbreviations and acronyms, e.g. LOL, simplified syntax-subject and modal deletion(C U L8R), tolerance of surface errors-typographical/spelling errors, symbols and exclamation marks, etc.