A multiple stakeholder approach recognizes the dynamic and multidimensional as well as multilevel nature of the strategic management process (see Freeman & McVea, 2001). The development of a theoretical SHRM framework that incorporates a multiple stakeholder perspective along with RBV would enhance our ability to accurately explicate and evaluate the primary linkages of SHRM. Specifically, the multiple stakeholder perspective provides a framework that allows for the consideration of (i) the influence that SHRM has on stakeholders, (ii) the influence of stakeholders on SHRM and organizational effectiveness, (iii) the influence of stakeholders on how organizational effectiveness is measured, and (iv) the influence of stakeholders on how SHRM and the organization are evaluated. Thus, the multiple stakeholder approach offers a unique perspective and reflects a strategic management framework that promotes vertical and horizontal linkage, an area that prior literature has not adequately addressed and explained.