2.2.1. Behavioral data
The GLM univariate analysis conducted for the between groups and gender differences for the correctly solved test items showed a significant between groups (F(3, 48) = 5.65; p < .002), and between gender (F(1, 48) = 5.40; p < .024) difference. No significant group by gender interaction effect was observed. A Tukey post hoc test for the factor group indicated that the CG group scored significantly lower than the other three groups which prior to the training or test sessions, or prior to both sessions had listened to music (pMM < .002; pSM < .022; pMS < .034). As can be seen in Fig. 3, males scored higher than did females