The generation of waste from food-processing plants is a problem that has to be effectively and efficiently dealt with. Waste buildup can result in poor hygiene conditions and possible contamination of the products being produced. It can also cause odours and create a poor image of the factory and its products. The treatment of waste can be expensive, so it must be handled in the most cost-effective way. A thorough understanding of the composition of the waste that a factory produces is critical to an effective waste management programme. This chapter explains some of the basic principles.