Studies confirm the public suspicions that in some jurisdictions, police officers are much more likely to stop African American males than White males for routine traffic violations, in the hope of finding drugs or guns in their cars. Civil rights activists refer to these cases sarcastically as "Driving While Black" violations (DWB). Incidents such as the wrongful arrest of Alton White, the lead actor in the Broadway musical Ragtime, in 1999 simply because he was Black and drug trafficking was suspected in the vicinity have heightened scrutiny of the practice, which some sociologists consider a frightening wxample of labeling (Blair 1999; D. Harris 1999).