3.2. Design and procedure
A pre-test - post-test experiment and group framework was used as a research design in the
study. The participants were randomly assigned to each group. In group A (the subtitle
group), participants watched cartoon movies with the English subtitles and in Group B (the
no-subtitle group) participants watched without subtitles. Both groups were given the same
pre- and post-tests. Table 1 illustrates the design of study.