We have elected to use the three separate dimensions of empowerment rather than a combined second-order construct for two reasons. First, recent authors such as Seibert et al. (2004) suggest that since the multi-dimensionality of empowerment has been established, investigation of the individual dimensions is now warranted. Second, given that we predict performance-based rewards will have a negative effect on self-determination and positive effects on impact and competence. using 2 combined measure would result in the appearance of a weak (or nonexistent) effect of performance-based rewards. The positive and negative effects on the individual dimensions would tend to cancel each other out in an overall measure, negating any true correlations.