Instruction in form problems
Intellectual education runs parallel to manual training. The apprentice is acquainted with his
future stock-in-trade - the elements of form and color and the laws to which they are subject.
Instead of studying the arbitrary individualistic and stylized formulae current at the academies, he
is given the mental equipment with which to shape his own ideas of form. This training opens the
way for the creative powers of the individual, establishing a basis on which different individuals
can cooperate without losing their artistic independence. Collective architectural work becomes
possible only when every individual, prepared by proper schooling, is capable of understanding the
idea of the whole, and thus has the means harmoniously to coordinate his independent, even if
limited, activity with the collective work. Instruction in the theory of form is carried on in close
contact with manual training. Drawing and planning, thus losing their purely academic character,
gain new significance as auxiliary means of expression. We must know both vocabulary and
grammar in order to speak a language; only then can we communicate our thoughts. Man, who
creates and constructs, must learn the specific language of construction in order to make others
understand his idea. Its vocabulary consists of the elements of form and color and their struc tural
laws. The mind must know them and control the hand if a creative idea is to be made visible. The
musician who wants to make audible a musical idea needs for its rendering not only a musical
instrument but also a knowledge of theory. Without this knowledge, his idea will never emerge
from chaos.
A corresponding knowledge of theory - which existed in a more vigorous era - must again
be established as a basis for practice in the visual arts. The academies, whose task it might have
been to cultivate and develop such a theory, completely failed to do so, having lost contact with reality.
Theory is not a recipe for the manufacturing of works of art, but the most essential element of collective
construction; it provides the common basis on which many individuals are able to create together a
superior unit of work; theory is not the achievement of individuals but of generations.
The Bauhaus is consciously formulating a new coordination of the means of construction and
expression. Without this, its ultimate aim would be impossible. For collaboration in a group is not to be
obtained solely by correlating the abilities and talents of various individuals. Only an apparent unity can
be achieved if many helpers carry out the designs of a single person. In fact, the in dividual's labor
within the group should exist as his own independent accomplishment. Real unity can be achieved only
by coherent restatement of the formal theme, by repetition of its integral proportions in all parts of the
work. Thus everyone engaged in the work must understand the meaning and origin of the principal
theme.
Forms and colors gain meaning only as they are related to our inner selves. Used separately or
in relation to one another they are the means of expressing different emotions and moveme nts: they
have no importance of their own. Red, for instance, evokes in us other emotions than does blue or
yellow; round forms speak differently to us than do pointed or jagged forms. The elements which
constitute the `grammar' of creation are its rules of rhythm, of proportion, of light values and full or
empty space. Vocabulary and grammar can be learned, but the most important factor of all, the organic
life of the created work, originates in the creative powers of the individual.
The practical training which accompanies the studies in form is founded as much on
observation, on the exact representation or reproduction of nature, as it is on the creation of individual
compositions. These two activities are profoundly different. The academies ceased to discriminate
between them, confusing nature and art - though by their very origin they are antithetical. Art wants to
triumph over Nature and to resolve the opposition in a new unity, and this process is consummated in
the fight of the spirit against the material world. The spirit creates for itself a new life other than the life
of nature.
Each of these departments in the course on the theory of form functions in close association
with the workshops, an association which prevents their wandering off into academicism.
The goal of the Bauhaus curriculum
... the culminating point of the Bauhaus teaching is a demand for a new and powerful working
correlation of all the processes of creation. The gifted student must regain a feeling for the interwoven
strands of practical and formal work. The joy of building, in the broadest meaning of that word, must
replace the paper work of design. Architecture unites in a collective task all creative workers, from the
simple artisan to the supreme artist.
For this reason, the basis of collective education must be sufficiently broad to permit the
development of every kind of talent. Since a universally applicable method for the discovery of talent
does not exist, the individual in the course of his development must find for himself the field of activity
best suited to him within the circle of the community. The majority become interested in production; the
few extraordinarily gifted ones will suffer no limits to their activity. After they have completed the
course of practical and formal instruction, they undertake independent research and experiment.
Modern painting, breaking through old conventions, has released countless suggestions which
are still waiting to be used by the practical world. But when, in the future, artists who sense new
creative values have had practical training in the industrial world, they will themselves possess the
means for realizing those values immediately. They will compel industry to serve their idea and
industry will seek out and utilize their comprehe nsive training.
Instruction in form problemsIntellectual education runs parallel to manual training. The apprentice is acquainted with hisfuture stock-in-trade - the elements of form and color and the laws to which they are subject.Instead of studying the arbitrary individualistic and stylized formulae current at the academies, heis given the mental equipment with which to shape his own ideas of form. This training opens theway for the creative powers of the individual, establishing a basis on which different individualscan cooperate without losing their artistic independence. Collective architectural work becomespossible only when every individual, prepared by proper schooling, is capable of understanding theidea of the whole, and thus has the means harmoniously to coordinate his independent, even iflimited, activity with the collective work. Instruction in the theory of form is carried on in closecontact with manual training. Drawing and planning, thus losing their purely academic character,gain new significance as auxiliary means of expression. We must know both vocabulary andgrammar in order to speak a language; only then can we communicate our thoughts. Man, whocreates and constructs, must learn the specific language of construction in order to make othersunderstand his idea. Its vocabulary consists of the elements of form and color and their struc turallaws. The mind must know them and control the hand if a creative idea is to be made visible. Themusician who wants to make audible a musical idea needs for its rendering not only a musicalinstrument but also a knowledge of theory. Without this knowledge, his idea will never emergefrom chaos.A corresponding knowledge of theory - which existed in a more vigorous era - must againbe established as a basis for practice in the visual arts. The academies, whose task it might havebeen to cultivate and develop such a theory, completely failed to do so, having lost contact with reality.Theory is not a recipe for the manufacturing of works of art, but the most essential element of collective construction; it provides the common basis on which many individuals are able to create together asuperior unit of work; theory is not the achievement of individuals but of generations.The Bauhaus is consciously formulating a new coordination of the means of construction andexpression. Without this, its ultimate aim would be impossible. For collaboration in a group is not to beobtained solely by correlating the abilities and talents of various individuals. Only an apparent unity canbe achieved if many helpers carry out the designs of a single person. In fact, the in dividual's laborwithin the group should exist as his own independent accomplishment. Real unity can be achieved onlyby coherent restatement of the formal theme, by repetition of its integral proportions in all parts of thework. Thus everyone engaged in the work must understand the meaning and origin of the principaltheme.
Forms and colors gain meaning only as they are related to our inner selves. Used separately or
in relation to one another they are the means of expressing different emotions and moveme nts: they
have no importance of their own. Red, for instance, evokes in us other emotions than does blue or
yellow; round forms speak differently to us than do pointed or jagged forms. The elements which
constitute the `grammar' of creation are its rules of rhythm, of proportion, of light values and full or
empty space. Vocabulary and grammar can be learned, but the most important factor of all, the organic
life of the created work, originates in the creative powers of the individual.
The practical training which accompanies the studies in form is founded as much on
observation, on the exact representation or reproduction of nature, as it is on the creation of individual
compositions. These two activities are profoundly different. The academies ceased to discriminate
between them, confusing nature and art - though by their very origin they are antithetical. Art wants to
triumph over Nature and to resolve the opposition in a new unity, and this process is consummated in
the fight of the spirit against the material world. The spirit creates for itself a new life other than the life
of nature.
Each of these departments in the course on the theory of form functions in close association
with the workshops, an association which prevents their wandering off into academicism.
The goal of the Bauhaus curriculum
... the culminating point of the Bauhaus teaching is a demand for a new and powerful working
correlation of all the processes of creation. The gifted student must regain a feeling for the interwoven
strands of practical and formal work. The joy of building, in the broadest meaning of that word, must
replace the paper work of design. Architecture unites in a collective task all creative workers, from the
simple artisan to the supreme artist.
For this reason, the basis of collective education must be sufficiently broad to permit the
development of every kind of talent. Since a universally applicable method for the discovery of talent
does not exist, the individual in the course of his development must find for himself the field of activity
best suited to him within the circle of the community. The majority become interested in production; the
few extraordinarily gifted ones will suffer no limits to their activity. After they have completed the
course of practical and formal instruction, they undertake independent research and experiment.
Modern painting, breaking through old conventions, has released countless suggestions which
are still waiting to be used by the practical world. But when, in the future, artists who sense new
creative values have had practical training in the industrial world, they will themselves possess the
means for realizing those values immediately. They will compel industry to serve their idea and
industry will seek out and utilize their comprehe nsive training.
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