Vibrio cholerae is a water-borne agent causing cholera and is autochthonous to aquatic habitats in coastal and estuarine ecosystems to which symbiosis with zooplanktons for its survival and multiplication is related [1–5]. Vibrio spp., including V. cholerae serogroups [6] and Vibrio parahaemolyticus [7, 8], normally grow in the natural environments and can enter into viable-but-nonculturable (VBNC) state. The significant roles of the toxigenic O1 and O139 serogroups of V. cholerae, as well as the non-O1/non-O139 serogroups, have been studied in several ways. For instance, the VBNC V. cholerae O1 in microcosms or from aquatic environments are converted to culturable state through animal passage [9]. The VBNC O139 and non-O1/non-O139 can also resuscitate when cocultured with several animal cell lines [10, 11]. More recently, the classical biotype of V. cholerae O1 retains viability but loses culturability when cocultured with the El Tor biotype [12]. This might suggest that the emergence of the El Tor biotype of V. cholerae O1 relates to displacement of the existing classical biotype as the predominant cause of epidemic cholera. Similar to the toxigenic O1 and O139 serogroups that possess virulence-association genes [13–18], the other non-O1 and non-O139 serogroups recovered from aquatic environments or clinical specimens have also been epidemiologically linked with the pathogenic and epidemic potential [18–20]. Thus, public health surveillance and monitoring of cholera cases require the systems used in the national surveillance for notifiable diseases, public health laboratory, and environmental surveillance [21–24]. Molecular detection techniques such as molecular marker-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods developed for probing these eccentric V. cholerae microorganisms have been so far proven useful in diagnosis and surveillance for the outbreaks or epidemic investigations worldwide.