Nutritional interventions in these patients include assuring an adequate caloric and protein intake and to avoid prolonged fasting. Owen et al. have demonstrated that due to the limited glycogen reserve that cirrhotic patients have, a single overnight fast is the equivalent of a 3-d starvation period in a healthy individual. Therefore, in order to prevent the use of endogenous amino acids for the gluconeogenesis path, not only the composition, but also the timing of nutritional interventions are important, and cirrhotic patients should be given fractioned diets consisting of four to six meals in order to improve their nitrogen balance [6], [64], [65],[66] and [67].
In a study of 42 cirrhotic Child-Pugh class A patients, most of whom had chronic hepatitis C, and were divided into two group, patients in the experimental group (n = 16) were given a daily night snack of 200 kcal, composed of proteins and carbohydrates, whereas patients in the control group (n = 26) received nothing. After a 6-mo follow up, a substantial increase in nutritional parameters and in quality of life, evaluated with the Short Form Health Survey-36 questionnaire, was demonstrated in the experimental group, but not in the control group [68]. Thus, prolonged fasts should be avoided in cirrhotic patients because they induce the consumption of lipids and proteins for gluconeogenesis. For example, energy source after an overnight fast varies between healthy individuals and cirrhotic patients, being 35% and 75% derived out of proteins, respectively. Hence, a late evening snack of approximately 200 kcal is recommended for these patients to suppress muscle protein disruption; it is important to consider that the more kcals allocated to the snack, the higher the risk for obesity and impaired glucose tolerance [52] and [69].
Nutritional interventions in these patients include assuring an adequate caloric and protein intake and to avoid prolonged fasting. Owen et al. have demonstrated that due to the limited glycogen reserve that cirrhotic patients have, a single overnight fast is the equivalent of a 3-d starvation period in a healthy individual. Therefore, in order to prevent the use of endogenous amino acids for the gluconeogenesis path, not only the composition, but also the timing of nutritional interventions are important, and cirrhotic patients should be given fractioned diets consisting of four to six meals in order to improve their nitrogen balance [6], [64], [65],[66] and [67].
In a study of 42 cirrhotic Child-Pugh class A patients, most of whom had chronic hepatitis C, and were divided into two group, patients in the experimental group (n = 16) were given a daily night snack of 200 kcal, composed of proteins and carbohydrates, whereas patients in the control group (n = 26) received nothing. After a 6-mo follow up, a substantial increase in nutritional parameters and in quality of life, evaluated with the Short Form Health Survey-36 questionnaire, was demonstrated in the experimental group, but not in the control group [68]. Thus, prolonged fasts should be avoided in cirrhotic patients because they induce the consumption of lipids and proteins for gluconeogenesis. For example, energy source after an overnight fast varies between healthy individuals and cirrhotic patients, being 35% and 75% derived out of proteins, respectively. Hence, a late evening snack of approximately 200 kcal is recommended for these patients to suppress muscle protein disruption; it is important to consider that the more kcals allocated to the snack, the higher the risk for obesity and impaired glucose tolerance [52] and [69].
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
