BNP Paribas, which seeks to be among the top 10 corporate and investment banks in the U.S., is one of the few European firms with both a consumer branch network and securities operations in the country. Bonnafe, 52, is relying on growth in the U.S., Asia and Germany as the lender’s main European markets -- France, Italy and Belgium -- struggle to bounce back from recession. The penalties threaten to repel clients and hamper its ability to hire and keep U.S. bankers.