Less than a year after Napster's cessation of operations in July 2001, Napster filed for bankruptcy. n184 The legal proceedings continued, however, with various plaintiffs taking aim at the still-solvent entities that invested in Napster before it ceased operations, including Hummer Winblad. n185 In April 2003, for example, Universal Music Group and EMI set their sights [*111] on Hummer Winblad. n186 The plaintiffs alleged that Hummer Winblad, along with Bertelsmann, "exercised essentially full operational control over Napster during periods in which Napster remained a conduit for infringing activity." n187