Bacterial diseases are one of the major problems affecting production,
development and expansion of aqua culture. Most of the
bacterial diseases are associated with changes or deterioration of
the aquatic environment. Vibrio sp are widespread in marine and
estuarine environments and several pathogenic species are known
to be commonly associated with outbreaks of vibrio infections due
to consumption of food and water contaminated with human feces
or sewage, raw fish and sea food or with exposure of skin lesion such as cuts, open wounds and abrasions to aquatic environments
and marine animals. V. cholerae and Vibrio parahemolyticus is an
important food borne pathogen. As the isolates showed antibiotic
resistance, it is a threat to public health as the antibiotic resistant
determinacies may be transferred to other bacteria of the clinical
significance. V. cholerae and V. parahemolyticus is a candidate
vehicle for such transfer because of its diversity and also it can
survive in the gastrointestinal tracts both human and animals.
Rapid development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria and emergence
of drug resistant microbial disease in aquaculture industries
possess serious problems in environmental, economic and management
and in addition create human health hazards. Survival
times of Vibrio sp are dependent on factors such as osmotic pressure,
salinity, temperature, pH, moisture content, salt and carbohydrate concentrations, and the presence of organic matter
and bacterial flora as key factors in determining survival times in
different food stuffs. Vibrio species have an absolute growth
requirement for sodium. Each species responds differently to seasonal
fluctuations in temperature and salinity. Control of disease
depends on improvement of management practices to minimize
the risk of introduction of infection into the aqua systems. Some
preservation technique plays an important role in the control of
pathogenic bacterial sp such as organic acids, osmotic pressure,
drying and radiation was used for the suppression of growth of
Vibrio sp.