concentration increases the effectiveness of the botanical solution. Soap facilitates the solubility of the active ingredient and acts as a
sticking agent (Nhachi and Kasilo, 1996), breaks down the protective wax cover and also acts as a surfactant.
Based on these results development of new formulations with the combinations of these botanicals which can be produced and applied
using simple methods applicable to local public will be very useful. Moreover, analyzing new botanicals from different plant origins
and least toxic chemicals for their efficacy against the mealybugs are also necessary to reduce use of the toxic chemical insecticides.
More research on the active ingredients, pesticide preparations, application rates and environmental impact of botanical pesticides are
a prerequisite for sustainable agriculture.