There has been rapid agrifood industry restructuring in the 1980s–2000s. Among companies in the restructured seg- ments, there has been significant diffusion, albeit uneven over products, countries, and companies, of procurement system modernization. The latter includes the shift from public to pri- vate standards, shift from spot market relations to vertical coordination of the supply chain using contracts and market inter-linkages, and shift from local sourcing to sourcing via na- tional, regional, and global networks. This modernization been adopted to reduce costs and increase quality to strategi- cally position companies in a sharply competitive context. (2) Companies in general tend to source from larger farmers and eschew smaller farmers in scale-dualistic contexts. However,