The RCPs were developed using Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) that typically include economic, demographic, energy, and
simple climate components. The emission scenarios they produce are then run through a simple model to produce time series of GHG
concentrations that can be run in AOGCMs. The emission time series from the RCPs can then be used directly in ESMs that include
interactive biogeochemistry (at least a land and ocean carbon cycle). {12.3.1; Box 1.1}