The definition in Eq. (2.52), while certainly physically meaningful, is very inconvenient for practical applications. It would
be rather tedious to evaluate the surface integral and then let the volume tend to zero every time the divergence is needed. For
this reason, we seek a simpler, more easily evaluated expression to replace the definition for practical applications. This is
done by considering a general vector and a convenient but general element of volume Δv as shown in Figure 2.16. First, we
evaluate the surface integral over the volume, then divide by the volume, and let the volume tend to zero to find the
divergence at point P. To find the closed surface integral, we evaluate the open surface integration of the vector A over the
six sides of the volume and add them. Noting the directions of the vectors ds on all surfaces, we can write