In addition, gestational age at enrolment of 14 weeks or more was found to be associated with a lower risk for inadequacy of both macronutrients and micronutrients. This finding was consistent with a previous study which found that a loss of appetite and morning sickness were more likely to occur in the first trimester of pregnancy [19]. Women with pre-pregnancy BMI of less
than 18.5, compared to normal BMI (BMI 18.5-24.9), had a lower carbohydrate inadequacy in our study, contrasting a finding of a study in China [4]. This might be explained by a difference in definition of inadequacy between two studies. However, the link between lower carbohydrate inadequacy and low pre-pregnancy BMI could not be explained. Although a study suggested that
the type of carbohydrate may be related to body weight, the daily total carbohydrate intake was not found to be related to BMI [20]