The two remaining results that both qualified as flipped classroom studies and examined student
performance are those by Moravec et al.[55] and Day and Foley[11]. Moravec et al.[55] modified
the presentation method for three lectures in an introductory biology course. Students were required
to watch narrated PowerPoint videos and complete a worksheet before class time. In class,
students participated in alternating ten-minute mini-lectures and five to seven minute active learning
exercises. This led to a performance increase of 21% on exam questions related to the topics
introduced outside class with videos. While these results are encouraging, there are several shortcomings
to this study. First, in-class activities still carried a lecture component, even though time
was provided for interactive activities. Second, the duration of the treatment was very short, and
topics on both sides of the flipped topics were still taught with traditional methods. This leaves