Positive emotions also are confused with positive moods. Yet emotions differ from moods in that emotions are about some personally meaningful circumstance (i.e., they have an object) and are typically short-lived and occupy the foreground of consciousness. In contrast, moods are typically free-floating or objectless, are more long-lasting, and occupy the background of consciousness (Oatley & Jenkins, 1996; Rosenberg, 1998). These distinctions between emotions and moods, however, are guarded more at theoretical than at empirical levels. In research practice, virtually identical techniques are used for inducing positive moods and positive emotions (e.g., giving gifts, viewing comedies).