.Figure 6 shows the SEM image and carbon mapping of NMF residue obtained at 1350 °C. The SEM image shows that residue consists of close network of fibrous structures (Figure 6a). Carbon mapping on NMF residue clearly indicates that fibrous structures are made up of carbon and signifies a lower ash content (Figure 6b).The EDS scan and line mapping studies was also performed on NMF residue to determine the elemental composition and distribution (Figure 7). The EDS graph clearly shows the high carbon content in NMF residue with small percentage of other elements such as calcium, silicon, copper and phosphorous. EDS line mapping also clearly indicates that carbon is distributed uniformly with small ash content. The ash was, in the majority, composed of silicon, phosphorous and copper.