The Protocol also establishes a variety of ways in which these commitments can be met.
These include undertaking mitigation projects in non-Annex B countries under the Clean
Develop-ment Mechanism (CDM) defined in Article 12 of the Protocol [2], and emissions trading defined in Article 17. The uncertainty of estimates of emis-sions and uptakes is likely to affect the amount of credit or debit that would be assigned to a global warming mitigation project or to a country under the Kyoto Protocol. Decisionshave not yet been made on how these issues willbe handled. It is hoped that the conceptual dis-cussion that follows will contribute to under-standing the consequences of dierent possible decisions in this area.