2. Micromechanical damage modeling
Firstly, the microstructures of investigated steels were analyzed using light optical metallography (LOM) and
percentages of individual phases were identified. Uniaxial tensile tests and hydraulic bulge tests were performed to
determine the macroscopic mechanical properties of these steels. In this work, Representative Volume Element
(RVE) was used to describe different multiphase microstructures, their morphologies, distribution, as well as failure
behavior at the micro scale. The RVE model represents a periodic repeating cell, which describes a cut-out of the
whole microstructure. The RVE-based approach makes it possible to characterize the influences of each modeled