These indicate that there is a considerable amount of crystalline ZnO present in
doped nano-structural materials. Finally, the diffraction patterns of calcined Cs–ZnO NSs can be indexed
to the hexagonal structure of ZnO. The strongest peaks (highly intense) corresponding to Cs related
secondary phase was found in doped sample, which may be attributed to the incorporation of Cs
into ZnO lattice site of doped aggregated NSs semiconductor materials