4. Design Process as a Mean of Learning
From both the scientific adaptation practice and behavioral research approach, let us turn back for a
moment to the design and learning process of knowledge accumulation cycle. Design process tends to
start with the programming procedure to acquire needed input information as programmatic knowledge to
support the design rationale. To save time and efforts, designers/researchers resort to previous
paradigmatic type of knowledge which has been accumulated from numerous design cycles. With
integrated knowledge as such, designers move ahead to the design and choice stage before the actual
implementation of built environments or products. Evaluation by users usually takes place after the space
and/or products are put in to utilization. Such generalized paradigmatic knowledge is crucial in the design
discipline (Figure 3). Knowledge in the paradigm of design could thus be acquired through the process of
design practice (Zeisel, 2006).