Normally, in practical operation for ion-beam-induced
Fig. 5. X-ray spectra from (a) ion-beam-bombarded sample held in the stainless steel holder, (b) ion-beam-bombarded sample held in the acrylic holder, and (c) Am-241
calibration. The inset in (c) is the published Am-241 radioactive spectrum [10].
596 P. Thongkumkoon et al./Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 307 (2013) 592–597
mutation, biological samples are put in a sample holder, which is
conventionally made from metal, preferably copper, to disperse
the ion-beam-induced heat, and irradiated, but impossibly they
are irradiated isolately without any support.