As we have seen in earlier sections, wave functions can be used to perform useful calculations to deter-
mine values for dynamical variables. Table 2.2 shows the normalized wave functions in which the
nuclear charge is shown as Z ( Z 1 for hydrogen) for one electron species (H, He , etc.).
One of the results that can be obtained by making use of wave functions is that it is possible to determine
the shapes of the surfaces that encompass the region where the electron can be found some fraction
(perhaps 95%) of the time. Such drawings result in the orbital contours that are shown in Figures 2.3,
2.4, and 2.5 .