It is estimated that more than 80 percent of a naval ship’s ultimate acquisition cost is locked in during concept design. For a class of ships, this means tens of billions of dollars. An “ad hoc” process for making these critical design decisions is not adequate. Figure 11 appears to be a simple and somewhat intuitive result, but it is not, and its implications are revolutionary. Without this kind of information, we cannot make responsible decisions. Key elements addressed by this methodology are: