However, PPARA was upregulated in animals
treated with α-tocopherol (FC= 4.4), and no effect was found for
beta-carotene (FC= 1.02). Beta-carotene is metabolised to retinoic acid
(RA), and RA decreased the expression of PPARG and CEBPA, which are
key lipogenic transcription factors, and reduced the lipid content of mature
adipocytes (Lobo et al., 2010).