The thrust line caused by arch acti

The thrust line caused by arch action can come dangerously close to the outer edge of a wall (a). This danger can be offset by buttressing (b), and/or by adding weight on top of the wall, for example with a pinnacle (c).
ever higher, the engineers needed to rethink their system of buttressing against the thrust. We will see shortly how they solved this problem. Another way to pull the thrust line towards the centre of the wall is to put additional weight on top. That may be done by adding pinna- cles or statues. So while such features might look purely decorative (indeed some have said frivolous) on Gothic churches, in fact they have a structural role: in a perhaps counter-intuitive way, the walls or pillars are stabilized by piling up more mass at their tops. Architectural historians have not always understood this. Paul Frankl, believing that extra weight must inevitably be destabilizing, enthusiastically repeated the sneer that Pol Abraham directed at Viollet-le-Duc’s mechanical interpretation of Gothic in the nineteenth century: ‘neither flying buttresses nor pinnacles were necessary. Many a French cathedral had none, and acquired them only when restored by Viollet-le-Duc.’ The function of a pinnacle isn’t just to recentre the thrust line, however (and in general they are not big enough to exert a strong influence of that sort). By pushing down on the stone joints, it also helps to prevent shearing of a pillar or wall at the point where the thrust of an arch threatens to displace it.

ผลลัพธ์ (ม้ง) 1:

Tus kab mob los ntawm kev arch nkaus thrust yuav tuaj dangerously ze ntawm cov ntug ntawm lub ntsa (a). Qhov puas tsuaj ntawd yuav tsum offset los ntawm buttressing (b), thiab/lossis los ntawm kev ntxiv nyhav nyob rau saum phab ntsa, piv nrog rau ib tug pinnacle (c) thiab.
puas dua, lub engineers tau rethink lawv qhov system of buttressing tiv thaiv cov thrust. Peb yuav pom tsocai li cas lawv solved qhov teeb meem no. Lwm txoj kev yuav rub tus kab thrust ntawm tus centre ntawm phab ntsa yog muab tso ntxiv nyhav rau saum toj. Uas yuav tau los ntawm kev ntxiv pinna-cles los saum. Kom thaum tej nta yuav zoo purely hniav (xwb tej hais hauv paus) ntawm Gothic churches, qhov tseeb nws muaj ib tug yam ntxwv cov luag hauj lwm: nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev saib tsam counter-intuitive, cov phab ntsa los yog ib tug ncej muaj stabilized los piling tuaj ntau dua pawg thaum lawv yav toj txiav. To Architectural historians muaj tsis tas taub no. Paul Frankl, believing tias ntxiv phaus yuav tsum inevitably yuav destabilizing, enthusiastically dua cov sneer ntawd Pol Aplaham hais rau Viollet-le-Duc tus neeg kho tshuab txhais ntawm Gothic nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua nineteenth: ' tej nuj nqis flying buttresses tsis pinnacles ntawd tsim nyog. Ntau tus Fabkis txoj cathedral tsis tau, thiab kis rau lawv xwb thaum twg rov los Viollet-le-Duc.' Cov kev ua ntawm lub pinnacle tsis yog cia li mus recentre tus kab thrust, tab sis (thiab tswj lawv tsis loj tsis txaus los pheev lub cawv ntawm ntawd tsi muaj zog). Los thawb rau ntawm tus ncej zeb qej txha, Nws tseem yuav pab tiv thaiv tau shearing ib tug pillar los yog phab ntsa rau kis twg tus thrust ntawm kev koov hawv rau displace nws.