Unlike these conventional fluorescent lamps powered mainly by the AC grid, LED luminaires and many other electronic
loads within in-built environment, are DC in nature. This results in significant power conversion losses if the DC loads
are to operate on traditional AC powered system [12]. An ACDC power converter is employed to convert the existing 230V
power source coming from the public utilities into a much lower voltage and safer dc power source to power these dc
LED luminaires directly [4]. If a dc renewable source, i.e., solar and/or fuel cell are available, direct dc output from the
dc renewable source [5] or from a battery can be supplied to the LED lights and dc loads; while at the same time hybrid DC
grid with the building AC grid