Significant consequences
One proposed volcanic winter happened c. 70,000 years ago following the supereruption of Lake Toba on Sumatra island in Indonesia.[19] According to the Toba catastrophe theory to which some anthropologists and archeologists subscribe, it had global consequences,[20] killing most humans then alive and creating a population bottleneck that affected the genetic inheritance of all humans today.[21] The 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora created global climate anomalies that became known as the "Year Without a Summer" because of the effect on North American and European weather.[22] Agricultural crops failed and livestock died in much of the Northern Hemisphere, resulting in one of the worst famines of the 19th century.[23] The freezing winter of 1740–41, which led to widespread famine in northern Europe, may also owe its origins to a volcanic eruption.[24]